Recently research into the use of medium-voltage dc grids is on the rise due to advantages including lower maintenance costs, lower loss, and simpler controllability [1], [2], [3], [4]. Various classes of medium voltage (MV) dc levels have already been established in literature on the range of 1 to 30 kV [5]. Further, there has been a remarkable growth of interest in photovoltaic (PV) energy system-based dc voltage distribution due to benefits including lower losses, higher transfer capability and controllability compared to ac voltage distribution.
The operating voltage of a typical PV system is on the order of up to 1.5 kV [6] which implies the need for modular based step-up converters to help reach the grid voltage level, as shown in Figure 1. Many high-frequency step-up power converters for renewable energy systems have been discussed in literature [7], [8], [9] and one of the topologies that stands out is the LLC resonant converter due to its high efficiency, high power density, and high operating frequency.
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