The rapid advancement of technology has led to an increasing dependence on electronic devices, resulting in a surge of e-waste worldwide. E-waste includes discarded electrical and electronic equipment such as computers, smartphones, televisions, and industrial machinery [1]. These discarded devices often contain hazardous materials, which pose serious environmental and health risks when improperly managed. On the other hand, e-waste also holds valuable materials such as gold, silver, and rare earth elements, making proper recycling crucial [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]. The growing concern over e-waste has driven the need for sustainable waste management strategies, including recycling, refurbishing, and safe disposal practices [6]. At the same time, PE technologies used to efficiently control and convert electrical power play a vital role in enhancing energy efficiency, device lifespan, and reducing e-waste [7]. As industries transition towards sustainable and eco-friendly practices, PE offer innovative solutions to minimize environmental impact [8], [9], [10]. PE is essential in modern energy systems, contributing to energy conservation, renewable energy integration, device lifespan elongation, and reduced carbon footprints. Devices such as inverters, converters, and power management circuits are fundamental in optimizing energy usage across industries [7]. For instance, renewable energy systems like solar panels and wind turbines rely heavily on PE to efficiently convert and distribute energy. Advancements in PE devices, such as silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) semiconductors have significantly improved efficiency, durability, and sustainability in energy applications [8]. By reducing energy losses and enhancing system performance, PE contribute to a greener and more sustainable future [9]. However, the increasing production and use of electronic components also generate waste, emphasizing the importance of eco-friendly design, circular economy models, and effective e-waste management strategies [10]. The intersection of e-waste management, PE, and environmental sustainability highlights the need for a holistic approach to technology and environmental responsibility. Sustainable practices, such as designing energy-efficient devices, implementing recycling programs, and promoting green manufacturing, are crucial in addressing e-waste challenges [10]. Governments, industries, and consumers must work together to establish stringent e-waste regulations, invest in sustainable power technologies, and encourage responsible consumption [11]. The long-term electronic sustainability depends on advancements in material science, innovative recycling techniques, and the widespread adoption of green power solutions. By integrating PE into sustainability efforts, industries can significantly reduce e-waste, improve energy efficiency, and contribute to a cleaner environment [12].
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