The launch of Brazilian graduate courses in electrical engineering coincided with efforts by the Brazilian industry, the Sx00E3;o Paulo Subway, and the Itaipu HVDC Project to install, nationalize, and design power electronics (PE) equipment. The first Brazilian M.Sc. and Ph.D. titles, under local advisors, were conferred in 1968 by the University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) and in 1973 by the University of Campinas (UNICAMP), while the first Brazilian doctor in PE received the title in France, in 1972. These early scientists laid the foundation for starting new research groups in PE, and the researchers sent abroad for Ph.D. studies from 1972 to 1985, either consolidated some of them or started new ones upon their return. In addition, courses in PE were offered in 1973 by the Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB, Campina Grande), in 1974, by the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), and in 1977, by the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG).
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